Joints
1. Define joints
Joints are the points of connection between two or more bones in the human body. They allow for movement, flexibility, and support, enabling us to perform various physical activities.
2. Classify joints
Joints can be classified into three main categories:
- Fibrous joints: Connected by dense fibrous connective tissue, allowing little to no movement.
- Carrtilage joints: Connected by cartilage, allowing for some degree of movement.
- Synovial joints: Connected by a fluid-filled space, allowing for significant movement.
3. Describe the structure of synovial joint
Synovial joints consist of:
- Articular cartilage: A smooth, slippery surface covering the ends of the bones.
- Articular capsule: A fibrous connective tissue surrounding the joint.
- Synovial membrane: A thin membrane lining the joint cavity, producing synovial fluid.
- Synovial fluid: A lubricating fluid reducing friction between the bones.
- Ligaments: Fibrous connective tissue connecting the bones.
4. Classify synovial joints
Synovial joints can be classified into six main categories:
- Plane joint: Allows for sliding movement in two planes.
- Hinge joint: Allows for movement in one plane, like a hinge.
- Pivot joint: Allows for rotational movement around a single axis.
- Ball-and-socket joint: Allows for movement in three planes.
- Condyloid joint: Allows for movement in two planes.
- Saddle joint: Allows for movement in two planes.
5. Mention the blood and nerve supply of joints
- Blood supply: Arteries and veins supply blood to the joint, with the synovial membrane having a rich blood supply.
- Nerve supply: Nerves, such as the joint capsule and ligaments, receive sensory and motor innervation, enabling pain perception and muscle control.