FOOT ARCHES
Formation
Medial longitudinal arch → calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuneiforms, first three metatarsals
Lateral longitudinal arch → calcaneus, cuboid, lateral two metatarsals
Transverse arch → cuboid, cuneiforms, bases of metatarsals
Supporting Structures
Plantar ligaments → long plantar, spring, short plantar
Plantar fascia → maintains arches
Muscles → tibialis anterior & posterior, peroneus longus, intrinsic foot muscles
Functions
Shock absorption
Weight distribution
Facilitate locomotion
Clinical Anatomy
Flat foot (pes planus) → medial arch collapse
High arch (pes cavus) → poor shock absorption
Plantar fasciitis → inflammation of plantar fascia