Superior Mediastinum: Arch of Aorta (MSØV)
1. Describe the extent, course, and convexities of the arch of aorta.
The arch of aorta is a curved part of the aorta that lies in the superior mediastinum. It extends from the ligamentum arteriosum (the remnant of the ductus arteriosus) to the left subclavian artery. The course of the arch of aorta is as follows: it arises from the ascending aorta, curves backward and to the left, then forward and to the right, forming a semicircular arch. The arch of aorta has two convexities: the posterior convexity and the left convexity.
2. Mention the relations.
The arch of aorta is related to the following structures:
- Right and left subclavian arteries
- Brachiocephalic trunk
- Left common carotid artery
- Left internal and external carotid arteries
- Right and left vertebral arteries
- Thymus gland
- Trachea and bronchi
- Esophagus
- Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
- Thoracic duct
- Left vagus nerve
3. Name the branches.
The branches of the arch of aorta are:
- Brachiocephalic trunk (right common carotid and right subclavian arteries)
- Left common carotid artery
- Left subclavian artery
- Left vertebral artery (directly or through the thyrocervical trunk)
- Internal thoracic artery (directly or through the thyrocervical trunk)
4. Describe the applied aspect.
The arch of aorta is an important structure that supplies blood to the head and upper limbs. Aneurysms or dissections of the arch of aorta can lead to serious complications, including rupture, stroke, or limb ischemia. The arch of aorta is also a common site for atherosclerosis, which can lead to cardiovascular disease. Understanding the anatomy of the arch of aorta is essential for surgeons, radiologists, and clinicians to plan and perform procedures such as aortic aneurysm repair or endarterectomy.