SYSTEMIC HISTOLOGY

Systemic Histology: Trachea and Lung

1. Describe the microscopic structure of trachea and lung

• Trachea:
  • Mucous membrane → ciliated pseudostratified epithelium
  • Submucosa → loose connective tissue, tracheal glands
  • Trachealis muscle → smooth muscle
  • Outer coat → adventitia
• Lung
  • Parenchyma → alveoli, type I pneumocytes, type II pneumocytes
  • Bronchi → ciliated pseudostratified epithelium
  • Bronchioles → non-ciliated cuboidal epithelium
  • Smooth muscle, cartilage → bronchi

2. Correlate with their functions

• Trachea: protects airways, humidifies and warms air, traps dust particles
• Lung: gas exchange, oxygenation of blood, carbon dioxide removal

3. Explain the applied aspect and correlate with histopathology

• Trachea
  • Applied aspect: respiration, coughing
  • Histopathology: tracheitis → inflammation of tracheal mucosa, tracheal cancer → abnormal cell growth in trachea
• Lung
  • Applied aspect: gas exchange, oxygenation of blood
  • Histopathology: pneumonia → inflammation of lung parenchyma, lung cancer → abnormal cell growth in lung tissue

Note: Histopathology involves the examination of tissues for disease diagnosis, and can be used to understand the effects of various conditions on the trachea and lung.