Practical Hematology

Practical Hematology

Estimate haemoglobin in a given sample

1. Take a blood sample
2. Add a haemoglobin reagent
3. Measure the absorbance of the sample
4. Compare the absorbance with a standard curve to estimate haemoglobin

Interpret results of haemoglobin estimation

1. Normal haemoglobin levels are between 13.5 and 17.5 g/dL for males and 12 and 16 g/dL for females
2. Low haemoglobin levels indicate anaemia
3. High haemoglobin levels indicate polycythaemia

Perform RBC total count estimation

1. Take a blood sample
2. Dilute the blood sample with a diluent
3. Count the number of RBCs in a specific volume of the diluted sample
4. Calculate the total RBC count

Interpret results of RBC total count estimation

1. Normal RBC count is between 4.32 and 5.72 million cells per microliter for males and 3.90 and 5.30 million cells per microliter for females
2. Low RBC count indicates anaemia
3. High RBC count indicates polycythaemia

Perform WBC total count estimation

1. Take a blood sample
2. Dilute the blood sample with a diluent
3. Count the number of WBCs in a specific volume of the diluted sample
4. Calculate the total WBC count

Interpret results of WBC total count estimation

1. Normal WBC count is between 4,000 and 11,000 cells per microliter
2. Low WBC count indicates leukopenia
3. High WBC count indicates leukaemia or infection

Perform WBC differential count estimation

1. Take a blood sample
2. Stain the blood sample with a differential stain
3. Count the number of different types of WBCs
4. Calculate the percentage of each type of WBC

Interpret results of WBC differential count estimation

1. Normal differential count is neutrophils 45-75%, lymphocytes 20-40%, monocytes 5-10%, eosinophils 1-4%, basophils 0.5-1%
2. Abnormal differential count indicates infection, inflammation, or blood disorders

Record RBC indices

1. Mean corpuscular volume (MCV)
2. Mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH)
3. Mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC)

Evaluate RBC indices

1. Normal MCV is 80-100 fL
2. Normal MCH is 27-31 pg
3. Normal MCHC is 32-36 g/dL
4. Abnormal RBC indices indicate anaemia or other blood disorders

Perform blood group identification

1. Take a blood sample
2. Test the blood sample with different blood group reagents
3. Determine the blood group based on the reaction

Perform BT CT

1. Take a blood sample
2. Test the blood sample for bleeding time and clotting time
3. Determine the bleeding time and clotting time

Interpret results of BT CT

1. Normal bleeding time is 2-7 minutes
2. Normal clotting time is 2-6 minutes
3. Abnormal bleeding time or clotting time indicates bleeding or clotting disorders

Record ESR

1. Take a blood sample
2. Measure the erythrocyte sedimentation rate
3. Record the ESR value

Interpret results of ESR estimation

1. Normal ESR is 0-20 mm/hour
2. High ESR indicates inflammation or infection

Record reticulocyte count

1. Take a blood sample
2. Stain the blood sample with a reticulocyte stain
3. Count the number of reticulocytes
4. Calculate the reticulocyte percentage

Interpret results of reticulocyte count

1. Normal reticulocyte count is 0.5-1.5%
2. High reticulocyte count indicates bone marrow activity
3. Low reticulocyte count indicates bone marrow depression

Record platelet count

1. Take a blood sample
2. Dilute the blood sample with a diluent
3. Count the number of platelets
4. Calculate the platelet count

Interpret results of platelet count

1. Normal platelet count is 150,000-450,000 cells per microliter
2. Low platelet count indicates thrombocytopenia
3. High platelet count indicates thrombocytosis