Legal Procedures
Define CrPC and IPC
CrPC (Code of Criminal Procedure) is a law that outlines the procedures to be followed in criminal cases. It deals with the investigation of crimes, arrest, trial, and punishment of offenders.
IPC (Indian Penal Code) is a law that defines and prescribes punishments for various crimes.
Differentiate between civil and criminal cases
Civil cases involve disputes between individuals or organizations over property, rights, or other issues. The goal is to resolve the dispute and enforce a decision.
Criminal cases involve crimes against the state, such as murder, theft, or other offenses. The goal is to punish the offender.
Define inquest
An inquest is a formal investigation into the cause of a death. It is conducted by a magistrate or police officer to determine the circumstances surrounding the death.
Explain the different types of inquest
- Post-mortem inquest: Conducted after the death to determine the cause of death.
- In-camera inquest: Conducted in private to protect the identity of witnesses or victims.
- Magisterial inquest: Conducted by a magistrate to determine the cause of death.
Classify the different courts of law in India
- Supreme Court: The highest court in India, dealing with constitutional matters and appeals.
- High Court: The highest court in a state, dealing with civil and criminal cases.
- District Court: Deals with civil and criminal cases at the district level.
- Sessions Court: Deals with serious crimes and trials.
Explain the power of different courts of law in India
- Supreme Court: Can review and reverse decisions of lower courts.
- High Court: Can review and reverse decisions of lower courts and has the power to grant bail.
- District Court: Has the power to try and decide civil and criminal cases.
- Sessions Court: Has the power to try and decide serious crimes.
Differentiate between dying declaration and dying deposition
Dying declaration: A statement made by a person who is about to die, regarding the circumstances of their death.
Dying deposition: A statement made by a person who is about to die, regarding the circumstances of their death, which is recorded by a magistrate or police officer.
Explain the types of witnesses
- Hostile witness: A witness who is hostile towards the party who called them.
- Hostile hostile witness: A witness who is hostile towards both parties.
- Unanimous witness: A witness who agrees with both parties.
- Neutral witness: A witness who is neutral and does not take sides.
Explain the duties of doctors in the witness box
- To give a true and honest account of the facts.
- To provide an unbiased opinion.
- To answer questions to the best of their ability.
- To be impartial and not take sides.
Arrows for Step-wise Forensic Procedure
Post-mortem Sequence
1 → External examination to note the overall appearance of the body. 2 → Incision of the body to examine the internal organs. 3 → Examination of the organs to determine the cause of death. 4 → Dissection of the organs to determine the cause of death. 5 → Collection of samples for further examination.
Poisoning Mechanism
1 → Ingestion of the poison. 2 → Absorption of the poison into the bloodstream. 3 → Distribution of the poison to the organs. 4 → Effect of the poison on the organs. 5 → Death due to the poisoning.
Age Estimation Steps
1 → Measurement of the bones. 2 → Examination of the teeth. 3 → Examination of the skull. 4 → Examination of the pelvis. 5 → Calculation of the age based on the examination.
Injury Healing Sequence
1 → Incision of the skin. 2 → Bleeding from the wound. 3 → Infection of the wound. 4 → Healing of the wound. 5 → Scarring of the wound.
Stages of Putrefaction
1 → Rigor mortis. 2 → Livor mortis. 3 → Algor mortis. 4 → Bloating. 5 → Decomposition.
Duties of a Doctor
1 → To preserve the body for examination. 2 → To examine the body and determine the cause of death. 3 → To collect samples for further examination. 4 → To provide a report on the examination. 5 → To testify in court as a witness.