PAPOVA VIRUS – HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS

1. What is Human Papillomavirus (HPV)?

   • It is a DNA virus belonging to the Papovaviridae family.
   • There are over 100 types of HPV, with some causing warts and others leading to cancer.

2. What are the causes of Human Papillomavirus (HPV)?

   • HPV is primarily spread through skin-to-skin contact.
   • It can be transmitted through sexual contact, shared towels, or direct contact with warts.

3. What are the types of Human Papillomavirus (HPV)?

   • HPV is classified into two main groups: high-risk and low-risk types.
   • High-risk types (13, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 68) cause cancer.
   • Low-risk types (6, 11, 42, 43, 44) cause warts.

4. What is the pathogenesis of Human Papillomavirus (HPV)? → Entry into host cell → Release of viral genome → DNA replication → Viral transcription → Viral assembly → Release of new virus particles

5. What is the life cycle of Human Papillomavirus (HPV)?

   1. → Attachment to host cell
   2. → Penetration of host cell
   3. → Release of viral genome
   4. → DNA replication
   5. → Viral transcription
   6. → Viral assembly
   7. → Release of new virus particles

Memory trick: "A.P.E.R.S" - Attachment, Penetration, Release, Replication, Transcription, Assembly, Release

6. What are the clinical features of Human Papillomavirus (HPV)?

   • Warts (common warts, plantar warts, genital warts)
   • Cervical cancer (most common type)
   • Anal cancer
   • Vulvar cancer
   • Penile cancer
   • Oropharyngeal cancer

7. What are the complications of Human Papillomavirus (HPV)?

   • Cervical cancer
   • Anal cancer
   • Vulvar cancer
   • Penile cancer
   • Oropharyngeal cancer
   • Genital warts

8. How is Human Papillomavirus (HPV) diagnosed?

   • Pap smear
   • HPV DNA testing
   • Colposcopy
   • Biopsy

9. What is the management of Human Papillomavirus (HPV)?

   • Treatment for warts (cryotherapy, salicylic acid, laser therapy)
   • Screening for cervical cancer (Pap smear, HPV DNA testing)
   • Vaccination (HPV vaccine)

10. What is the prevention of Human Papillomavirus (HPV)?

    • Avoiding skin-to-skin contact
    • Using condoms
    • Getting vaccinated
    • Screening for cervical cancer