Arboviruses – Dengue
Q.1 What are Arboviruses? A.1 Arboviruses are a group of viruses that are transmitted by arthropods like mosquitoes and ticks.
Q.2 Types of Arboviruses? A.2 There are three main types of arboviruses:
- Flaviviruses (e.g., Dengue, Yellow Fever, Japanese Encephalitis)
- Bunyaviruses (e.g., Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever)
- Togaviruses (e.g., Rubella)
Q.3 What is Dengue? A.3 Dengue is a viral infection caused by the Flavivirus genus of arboviruses, transmitted by the bite of an infected Aedes mosquito.
Q.4 Types of Dengue? A.4 There are four serotypes of Dengue virus:
- DENV-1
- DENV-2
- DENV-3
- DENV-4
Q.5 Pathogenesis of Dengue? A.5 The pathogenesis of Dengue involves the following steps: → Infection of dendritic cells and macrophages by the virus → Activation of immune cells and release of cytokines → Inflammation and fever → Vascular leakage and hemorrhage → Shock and multi-organ failure
Q.6 Clinical Classification of Dengue? A.6 The clinical classification of Dengue is as follows:
- Dengue Fever (DF): Mild fever, headache, and muscle pain
- Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF): High fever, hemorrhage, and low platelet count
- Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS): Severe hemorrhage and shock
Q.7 Laboratory Diagnosis of Dengue? A.7 The laboratory diagnosis of Dengue involves:
- Serological tests (ELISA, IgM and IgG antibodies)
- Molecular tests (PCR, RT-PCR)
- Blood tests (white blood cell count, platelet count)
- Urine tests (proteinuria, hematuria)
Q.8 Memory Trick for Dengue Life Cycle: A.8 "Dengue is a virus that comes from the mosquito's kiss, It infects the liver, spleen, and kidneys, oh what a mess! It causes fever, headache, and muscle pain too, If not treated, it can lead to hemorrhage and shock, oh no!"
Q.9 Word Trick for Dengue Pathogenesis: A.9 "D.E.N.G.U.E. – Destruction, Endothelial damage, Nausea, Gastrointestinal bleeding, Unstable vital signs, Exhaustion"