NON VENEREAL TREPONEMATOSES

Non-Venereal Treponematoses (MØØV)

1. Definition: Non-venereal treponematoses are infectious diseases caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum, but not transmitted through sexual contact.

2. Types:

   • Endemic syphilis
   • Yaws
   • Pinta
   • Bejel (also known as non-venereal syphilis)

3. Pathogenesis of Non-Venereal Treponematoses: → Infection occurs through broken skin or mucous membranes. → Treponema pallidum enters the bloodstream and multiplies. → Immune response is triggered, but the bacteria evade it. → Bacteria multiply in the skin and mucous membranes. → Clinical manifestations appear.

4. Morphology of Treponema pallidum:

   • Spiral-shaped bacteria.
   • Approximately 6-15μm in length.
   • Diameter of 0.1-0.2μm.

5. Clinical Features of Non-Venereal Treponematoses:

   • Fever
   • Headache
   • Muscle pain
   • Skin lesions (rash, papules, or ulcers)
   • Lymphadenopathy
   • Mucosal lesions (oral, nasal, or genital)

6. Endemic Syphilis:

   • Also known as Bejel.
   • Highly contagious.
   • Spread through skin-to-skin contact.
   • Common in children.
   • Clinical features:
     • Rash
     • Ulcers
     • Lymphadenopathy
     • Mucosal lesions

7. Yaws:

   • Highly contagious.
   • Spread through skin-to-skin contact.
   • Common in children.
   • Clinical features:
     • Papules
     • Ulcers
     • Lymphadenopathy
     • Mucosal lesions
     • Deformity of the long bones

8. Pinta:

   • Less contagious than yaws.
   • Spread through skin-to-skin contact.
   • Common in children.
   • Clinical features:
     • Macules
     • Patches
     • Lymphadenopathy
     • Mucosal lesions

9. Diagnosis of Non-Venereal Treponematoses:

   • Clinical diagnosis based on symptoms and history.
   • Serological tests (RPR, VDRL, FTA-ABS).
   • Darkfield microscopy.

10. Management of Non-Venereal Treponematoses:

    • Penicillin G (intramuscular injections).
    • Treatment duration: 10-14 days.
    • Secondary infections treated with antibiotics.

Memory Trick: "Tom, Dick, and Harry too, Catch Yaws, Pinta, and Syphilis in a row. Endemic Syphilis, they all do play, In the non-venereal treponematoses family."