Enamel: outermost layer of the tooth, hardest substance in the human body, 96-98% inorganic.
Dentin: layer beneath the enamel, 75% inorganic, provides the structure for the tooth.
Pulp: soft inner tissue of the tooth, contains nerves and blood vessels.
Cementum: thin layer surrounding the root of the tooth, 45-50% inorganic, helps anchor the tooth to the jawbone.
Periodontal structures: include the periodontal ligament (PDL), cementum, and the alveolar bone, which support the tooth in the jaw.
Occlusal Surfaces
Occlusal surfaces are the chewing surfaces of the teeth.
Each tooth has a unique occlusal surface, with some teeth have a flat surface and others have a pointed surface.
The occlusal surface is where the teeth come into contact with each other during biting and chewing.
Alignment of Teeth
Teeth are aligned in a specific pattern to allow for proper biting and chewing.
The upper and lower teeth fit together like a puzzle, with the upper teeth overlapping the lower teeth.
The alignment of teeth is influenced by the shape and size of the jawbone and the teeth themselves.
Functional Relevance of Occlusion
Occlusion is the relationship between the upper and lower teeth during biting and chewing.
Proper occlusion is essential for chewing and grinding food properly.
Malocclusion, or improper alignment of the teeth, can lead to problems with biting and chewing, as well as affect the overall health of the teeth and jaw.
Periodontal Anatomy
Periodontal ligament (PDL): a group of fibers that attach the tooth to the surrounding bone.
Alveolar bone: the bone that surrounds the roots of the teeth.
Cementum: a thin layer of bone-like tissue that covers the root of the tooth.
Blood Supply to the Teeth
The teeth receive their blood supply from the periodontal ligament.
The periodontal ligament contains blood vessels that provide oxygen and nutrients to the teeth.
The teeth also receive a small amount of blood from the pulp.
Nerve Supply to the Teeth
The teeth receive their nerve supply from the trigeminal nerve.
The trigeminal nerve is responsible for transmitting sensory information from the face and mouth, including the teeth.
The pulp of the tooth contains nerve endings that can detect pain, temperature, and pressure.
Clinical Anatomy
The clinical anatomy of the teeth includes the relationship between the teeth and the surrounding bone and tissue.
The clinical anatomy of the teeth is important for understanding the proper alignment and function of the teeth.
The clinical anatomy of the teeth is also important for understanding the causes and treatment of dental problems.
Homoeopathic Therapeutic Medicines
Arnica montana: used to treat pain and inflammation after dental procedures.
Calendula officinalis: used to treat wounds and ulcers in the mouth.
Hypericum perforatum: used to treat nerve pain and inflammation.
Silica: used to treat toothaches and jaw pain.
Calcarea phosphorica: used to treat tooth decay and gum disease.