Septic arthritis is a medical emergency characterized by joint inflammation caused by an infection.
Etiopathology
Bacteria or other microorganisms enter the joint space through a variety of routes, such as:
1 → Direct inoculation from a nearby infected site
2 → Hematogenous spread from a distant site
3 → Direct extension from an infected adjacent structure
The invading microorganisms cause an intense inflammatory response, leading to joint damage and potentially severe consequences.
Complete Blood Count (CBC) to assess for signs of infection
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) or C-Reactive Protein (CRP) to evaluate for inflammation
Blood cultures to identify the causative organism
Arthrocentesis with joint fluid analysis to confirm the diagnosis
Imaging Studies:
X-rays to evaluate for joint damage or deformity
Ultrasound or MRI to assess for joint inflammation or effusion
Complications
Joint destruction or deformity
Osteonecrosis
Septicemia
Meningitis or encephalitis
Death
Management
Initial Management:
1 → Administer broad-spectrum antibiotics
2 → Perform arthrocentesis with joint fluid analysis
3 → Initiate joint immobilization
Surgical Management:
1 → Arthroscopic or open debridement to remove infected tissue
2 → Irrigation and drainage to remove pus and debris
3 → Bone and joint reconstruction to restore joint function
Post-Surgical Care:
1 → Continue antibiotics for 4-6 weeks
2 → Monitor for signs of infection or complications
3 → Initiate rehabilitation to restore joint function
Homoeopathic Therapeutic Approach
Indications: Septic arthritis, joint pain, inflammation, and infection
Medicines:
Belladonna: For acute onset of joint pain and inflammation