TUBERCULOSIS OF HIP JOINT

Tuberculosis of Hip Joint

Definition

Tuberculosis of the hip joint is a rare but serious form of tuberculosis that involves the joints.

Types of Tuberculosis of Hip Joint

• Primary tuberculosis of the hip joint: This type occurs in individuals who have not previously been infected with tuberculosis.
• Secondary tuberculosis of the hip joint: This type occurs in individuals who have a previous history of tuberculosis.

Pathology of Tuberculosis of Hip Joint

• The hip joint is infected by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which spreads to the joint through the bloodstream.
• The bacteria cause inflammation and damage to the joint tissues, including the cartilage, bone, and synovial membrane.
• The joint becomes swollen and painful, and the patient may experience limited mobility.

Stages of Tuberculosis of Hip Joint

• Stage 1: The initial stage of infection, where the bacteria multiply and cause inflammation in the joint.
• Stage 2: The bacteria cause damage to the joint tissues, leading to pain, swelling, and limited mobility.
• Stage 3: The joint becomes severely damaged, leading to chronic arthritis and disability.

Clinical Features of Tuberculosis of Hip Joint

• Pain in the hip and groin area
• Swelling and redness in the joint
• Limited mobility and stiffness in the joint
• Fever and chills
• Weight loss and fatigue

Investigations for Tuberculosis of Hip Joint

• Imaging studies: X-rays, CT scans, and MRI scans to visualize the joint and detect any damage or abnormalities.
• Laboratory tests: Blood tests to detect the presence of tuberculosis bacteria and inflammatory markers.
• Joint aspiration: A procedure to collect a sample of fluid from the joint to examine for tuberculosis bacteria.

Complications of Tuberculosis of Hip Joint

• Chronic arthritis and disability
• Joint deformity and destruction
• Nerve damage and numbness in the leg
• Infection and sepsis

Management of Tuberculosis of Hip Joint

• Medical treatment: Antibiotics and anti-tubercular medications to treat the infection.
• Surgical treatment: Joint replacement or debridement to remove damaged tissue and relieve pain.
• Physical therapy: To improve mobility and strength in the joint.

Blood Supply to the Hip Joint

• The hip joint receives blood supply from the following arteries:
  • The obturator artery
  • The femoral artery
  • The circumflex femoral artery

Nerve Supply to the Hip Joint

• The hip joint is innervated by the following nerves:
  • The obturator nerve
  • The femoral nerve
  • The sciatic nerve

Surgical Steps for Tuberculosis of Hip Joint

1 → Debridement of the joint: Remove damaged tissue and debris from the joint. 2 → Joint replacement: Replace the damaged joint with an artificial one. 3 → Bone grafting: Perform bone grafting to repair damaged bone. 4 → Soft tissue repair: Repair damaged soft tissues, such as tendons and ligaments.

Homoeopathic Therapeutic Medicines for Tuberculosis of Hip Joint

• Sulphur: To relieve pain and inflammation.
• Calcarea carbonica: To improve joint mobility and strength.
• Pulsatilla: To reduce fever and alleviate symptoms.
• Silica: To improve bone health and repair damaged bone.

Treatment of Tuberculosis of Hip Joint

• Medical treatment: Antibiotics and anti-tubercular medications to treat the infection.
• Surgical treatment: Joint replacement or debridement to remove damaged tissue and relieve pain.
• Physical therapy: To improve mobility and strength in the joint.