PELVIC FRACTURE

PELVIC FRACTURE

1. Description of Pelvis Anatomy

• The pelvis is a bony ring in the lower abdomen that protects the pelvic organs, including the bladder, prostate, and reproductive organs.
• It consists of the ilium, ischium, and pubis bones.
• The pelvic cavity is divided into two halves by the pubic symphysis.
• The pelvic floor is supported by muscles, including the levator ani and coccygeus muscles.

2. Mechanisms and Classifications of Pelvic Fracture

• Mechanisms:
  • High-energy trauma (e.g., motor vehicle accidents)
  • Low-energy trauma (e.g., falls from a height)
  • Birth trauma
  • Sports injuries
• Classifications:
  • The Young-Burgess classification:
    1. Anterior pelvic ring disruption
    2. Posterior pelvic ring disruption
    3. Circumferential pelvic ring disruption
  • The Tile classification:
    1. Type A: Stable fracture
    2. Type B: Unstable fracture with intact posterior ring
    3. Type C: Unstable fracture with disrupted posterior ring

3. Clinical Features of Pelvic Fracture

• Mechanism of injury
• Severe pain in the lower abdomen
• Difficulty moving the legs or hips
• Numbness or weakness in the legs
• Difficulty urinating or passing gas
• Vaginal bleeding in women
• Visible deformity or swelling in the pelvic area

4. Clinical Examination of Pelvic Fracture

• Inspection: Look for visible deformity or swelling in the pelvic area
• Palpation: Check for tenderness and instability in the pelvic area
• Percussion: Check for guarding reflex (muscle tension) in the lower abdomen
• Neurological examination: Check for numbness or weakness in the legs
• Rectal examination: Check for rectal bleeding or anal tone

5. Imaging of Pelvic Fracture

• X-rays: Show bony fractures and dislocations
• CT scans: Show detailed images of the pelvic bones and soft tissues
• MRI: Show soft tissue injuries, such as muscle or nerve damage
• Pelvic angiography: Show blood vessels and possible bleeding

PATHOLOGY

6. Types of Pelvic Fracture

• Open pelvic fracture: The pelvic bone is exposed to the outside environment, increasing the risk of infection
• Closed pelvic fracture: The pelvic bone is not exposed to the outside environment
• Stable pelvic fracture: The pelvic bones are not displaced or fractured
• Unstable pelvic fracture: The pelvic bones are displaced or fractured, increasing the risk of complications

7. Complications of Pelvic Fracture

• Hemorrhage: Excessive bleeding from the pelvic area
• Infection: Bacterial infection in the pelvic area
• Nerve damage: Injury to the nerves in the pelvic area
• Urethral injury: Injury to the urethra
• Bladder injury: Injury to the bladder

8. Management of Pelvic Fracture

• Initial management: Stabilize the patient with oxygen, fluids, and pain relief
• Imaging: X-rays, CT scans, and MRI to confirm the diagnosis
• Surgical management: Repair of the pelvic fracture, either openly or percutaneously
• Conservative management: Non-surgical treatment, such as bed rest and pain relief

9. Treatment of Pelvic Fracture

• Surgical treatment: Repair of the pelvic fracture with open or percutaneous surgery
• Conservative treatment: Non-surgical treatment, such as bed rest and pain relief
• Physical therapy: Rehabilitation to restore mobility and function

HOMEOPATHIC THERAPEUTIC APPROACH

10. Homoeopathic Medicines for Pelvic Fracture

• Arnica montana: For pain and inflammation
• Belladonna: For fever and inflammation
• Calendula: For wound care and tissue repair
• Hypericum: For nerve damage and pain
• Symphytum: For bone repair and regeneration