RHINITIS

RHINITIS

1. Definition: Inflammation of the nasal mucosa and the nasal passages.

2. Types of Rhinitis:

   1. Common Cold: Acute viral rhinitis.
   2. Allergic Rhinitis: Type-I hypersensitivity reaction to inhaled allergens.
   3. Non-Allergic Rhinitis: Non-allergic rhinitis, often due to environmental factors.
   4. Chronic Rhinitis: Long-standing inflammation of the nasal mucosa.
   5. Atrophic Rhinitis: Inflammation and atrophy of the nasal mucosa.
   6. Rhinitis Sicca: Dryness and atrophy of the nasal mucosa.
   7. Rhinosporidiosis: Infection with Rhinosporidium seeberi.
   8. Rhinoscleroma: Infection with Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis.

Common Cold (Acute Viral Rhinitis)

1. Aetiology: Most commonly caused by viruses (e.g., rhinovirus, influenza virus).
2. Clinical Features:
   1. Symptoms: Nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing, coughing, sore throat.
   2. Pathology: Inflammation of the nasal mucosa and the nasal passages.
3. Differential Diagnosis: Allergic rhinitis, non-allergic rhinitis, sinusitis.
4. Complications: Middle ear infections, secondary bacterial infections, exacerbation of asthma.
5. Management:
   1. Treatment: Antiviral medications, decongestants, antihistamines, pain relievers.
   2. Self-Care: Rest, hydration, saline nasal sprays, humidifiers.

Homoeopathic Therapeutics of Common Cold

1. Medicines:
   1. Arsenicum album: For acute onset, nasal congestion, and cough.
   2. Belladonna: For high fever, headache, and facial pain.
   3. Eupatorium perfoliatum: For severe headache, facial pain, and sore throat.
   4. Gelsemium: For fatigue, weakness, and muscle aches.
   5. Phosphorus: For nosebleeds, sneezing, and watery discharge.

Chronic Simple Rhinitis

1. Definition: Long-standing inflammation of the nasal mucosa.
2. Aetiology: Allergic reactions, environmental factors, and chronic infections.
3. Clinical Features: Nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing, coughing.
4. Management: Nasal corticosteroids, immunotherapy, and avoidance of allergens.

Chronic Hypertrophic Rhinitis

1. Definition: Long-standing inflammation and hypertrophy of the nasal mucosa.
2. Aetiology: Allergic reactions, environmental factors, and chronic infections.
3. Clinical Features: Nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing, coughing, and nasal polyps.
4. Management: Nasal corticosteroids, immunotherapy, and nasal surgery.

Atrophic Rhinitis

1. Definition: Inflammation and atrophy of the nasal mucosa.
2. Aetiology: Chronic infections, allergies, and environmental factors.
3. Clinical Features: Nasal crusting, dryness, and atrophy of the nasal mucosa.
4. Management: Nasal saline irrigations, topical corticosteroids, and nasal surgery.

Rhinitis Sicca

1. Definition: Dryness and atrophy of the nasal mucosa.
2. Aetiology: Chronic infections, allergies, and environmental factors.
3. Clinical Features: Nasal crusting, dryness, and atrophy of the nasal mucosa.
4. Management: Nasal saline irrigations, topical corticosteroids, and nasal surgery.

Rhinosporidiosis

1. Definition: Infection with Rhinosporidium seeberi.
2. Aetiology: Infection via skin contact or contaminated water.
3. Clinical Features: Nasal polyps, nasal crusting, and nasal bleeding.
4. Management: Surgical excision, topical corticosteroids, and antifungal medications.

Rhinoscleroma

1. Definition: Infection with Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis.
2. Aetiology: Infection via inhalation of contaminated dust.
3. Clinical Features: Nasal crusting, nasal bleeding, and facial deformity.
4. Management: Surgical excision, topical corticosteroids, and antibiotics.

Homoeopathic Treatment of Rhinitis

1. Medicines:
   1. Nux vomica: For nasal congestion, runny nose, and sneezing.
   2. Pulsatilla: For nasal congestion, runny nose, and cough.
   3. Sabadilla: For hay fever, nasal congestion, and sneezing.
   4. Urtica urens: For nasal itching, sneezing, and runny nose.
   5. Histaminum: For nasal congestion, runny nose, and sneezing.