Definition: Sinusitis is an inflammatory condition of the paranasal sinuses.
Types:
- Acute sinusitis
- Chronic sinusitis
- Subacute sinusitis
Causes of Acute Maxillary Sinusitis:
- Bacterial infection (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis)
- Viral upper respiratory tract infection
- Allergies
- Anatomical abnormalities (nasal polyps, deviated septum)
- Environmental factors (smoking, pollution)
Pathology of Acute Maxillary Sinusitis:
- Inflammation of the mucous membranes
- Swelling of the turbinate bones
- Increased mucus production
- Reduced sinus drainage
Clinical Features of Acute Maxillary Sinusitis:
- Nasal congestion
- Facial pain or pressure
- Nasal discharge (yellow or green)
- Fever
- Headache
- Cough
Investigations of Acute Maxillary Sinusitis:
- Physical examination
- Endoscopy
- Imaging studies (CT scan, X-ray)
- Laboratory tests (blood cultures, complete blood count)
Differential Diagnosis of Acute Maxillary Sinusitis:
- Rhinosinusitis
- Pharyngitis
- Tonsillitis
- Laryngitis
- Tracheitis
Complications of Acute Maxillary Sinusitis:
- Meningitis
- Brain abscess
- Orbital cellulitis
- Cavernous sinus thrombosis
Management of Acute Maxillary Sinusitis:
- Antibiotics (amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefaclor)
- Nasal decongestants (oxymetazoline, pseudoephedrine)
- Pain relief (acetaminophen, ibuprofen)
- Saline nasal sprays
- Rest and hydration
Causes of Acute Frontal Sinusitis:
- Bacterial infection (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis)
- Viral upper respiratory tract infection
- Allergies
- Anatomical abnormalities (nasal polyps, deviated septum)
- Environmental factors (smoking, pollution)
Pathology of Acute Frontal Sinusitis:
- Inflammation of the mucous membranes
- Swelling of the orbital roof
- Increased mucus production
- Reduced sinus drainage
Clinical Features of Acute Frontal Sinusitis:
- Nasal congestion
- Facial pain or pressure
- Nasal discharge (yellow or green)
- Fever
- Headache
- Cough
Investigations of Acute Frontal Sinusitis:
- Physical examination
- Endoscopy
- Imaging studies (CT scan, X-ray)
- Laboratory tests (blood cultures, complete blood count)
Differential Diagnosis of Acute Frontal Sinusitis:
- Rhinosinusitis
- Pharyngitis
- Tonsillitis
- Laryngitis
- Tracheitis
Complications of Acute Frontal Sinusitis:
- Meningitis
- Brain abscess
- Orbital cellulitis
- Cavernous sinus thrombosis
Management of Acute Frontal Sinusitis:
- Antibiotics (amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefaclor)
- Nasal decongestants (oxymetazoline, pseudoephedrine)
- Pain relief (acetaminophen, ibuprofen)
- Saline nasal sprays
- Rest and hydration
Blood Supply of the Maxillary Sinus:
- Maxillary artery
- Sphenopalatine artery
- Anterior ethmoidal artery
Nerve Supply of the Maxillary Sinus:
- Maxillary nerve (V2)
- Infraorbital nerve
- Anterior ethmoidal nerve
Clinical Anatomy of the Maxillary Sinus:
- Located in the maxillary bone
- Anterior to the nasal cavity
- Posterior to the nasal septum
- Superior to the palate
- Inferior to the orbit
Blood Supply of the Frontal Sinus:
- Supraorbital artery
- Supratrochlear artery
- Anterior ethmoidal artery
Nerve Supply of the Frontal Sinus:
- Frontal nerve (V1)
- Supraorbital nerve
- Supratrochlear nerve
Clinical Anatomy of the Frontal Sinus:
- Located in the frontal bone
- Anterior to the orbit
- Superior to the nasal cavity
- Inferior to the anterior cranial fossa
Homoeopathic Therapeutic Medicines:
- Arsenic album (for acute inflammation)
- Bryonia (for pain and swelling)
- Echinacea (for immune system support)
- Gelsemium (for fever and fatigue)
- Pulsatilla (for nasal discharge and congestion)
- Silica (for sinus pain and congestion)
- Symphytum (for sinus inflammation and swelling)
Note: These medications should be used under the guidance of a qualified homeopath or healthcare professional.