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Surgery 1 - Third Year BHMS

Contents

Surgery 1 - Third Year BHMS

Contents

CoursesBHMSSurgery 1 - Third Year BHMSSPINAL DEFORMITIES

SPINAL DEFORMITIES

Content

Spinal Deformities

Scoliosis

  • Definition: Scoliosis is a medical condition characterized by an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine, where the spine curves to one side.
  • Types:
    • Infantile scoliosis: occurs in children under 3 years of age.
    • Juvenile scoliosis: occurs in children between 3 and 10 years of age.
    • Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: occurs in children between 10 and 18 years of age.
    • Adult scoliosis: occurs in adults, often due to degenerative conditions.
  • Causes:
    • Genetics
    • Congenital anomalies
    • Neuromuscular disorders
    • Trauma
    • Infection
  • Clinical Features:
    • Uneven shoulders or hips
    • One shoulder blade appearing more prominent than the other
    • Rib hump
    • Limited mobility
  • Investigations:
    • X-rays
    • MRI scans
    • CT scans
    • Blood tests
  • Complications:
    • Respiratory problems
    • Cardiac problems
    • Back pain
    • Nerve damage
  • Management:
    • Bracing
    • Surgery
    • Physical therapy
    • Monitoring

Kyphosis

  • Definition: Kyphosis is a medical condition characterized by an abnormal forward curvature of the spine.
  • Types:
    • Congenital kyphosis: present at birth
    • Postural kyphosis: caused by poor posture
    • Scheuermann's kyphosis: caused by a growth disorder
    • Osteoporotic kyphosis: caused by bone thinning
  • Causes:
    • Genetics
    • Congenital anomalies
    • Trauma
    • Infection
    • Osteoporosis
  • Clinical Features:
    • Forward leaning
    • Hunchback
    • Limited mobility
  • Investigations:
    • X-rays
    • MRI scans
    • CT scans
    • Blood tests
  • Complications:
    • Respiratory problems
    • Cardiac problems
    • Back pain
    • Nerve damage
  • Management:
    • Bracing
    • Surgery
    • Physical therapy
    • Monitoring

Spondylolisthesis

  • Definition: Spondylolisthesis is a medical condition where one vertebra slips over the vertebra below it.
  • Causes:
    • Degenerative disc disease
    • Spondylolysis
    • Trauma
    • Infection
  • Clinical Features:
    • Back pain
    • Leg pain
    • Limited mobility
  • Investigations:
    • X-rays
    • MRI scans
    • CT scans
    • Blood tests
  • Complications:
    • Nerve damage
    • Spinal stenosis
    • Scoliosis
  • Management:
    • Bracing
    • Surgery
    • Physical therapy
    • Monitoring

Low Back Pain

  • Definition: Low back pain refers to pain in the lower back region.
  • Causes:
    • Muscle strain
    • Degenerative disc disease
    • Herniated discs
    • Osteoporosis
    • Infection
  • Examination:
    • Medical history
    • Physical examination
    • Imaging studies
  • Complications:
    • Nerve damage
    • Spinal stenosis
    • Scoliosis
  • Management:
    • Rest
    • Ice
    • Stretching
    • Strengthening
    • Surgery

Sciatica

  • Definition: Sciatica refers to pain that radiates along the sciatic nerve.
  • Causes:
    • Herniated discs
    • Degenerative disc disease
    • Piriformis syndrome
    • Spondylolisthesis
  • Clinical Features:
    • Pain in the lower back
    • Pain in the buttocks
    • Pain in the legs
  • Investigations:
    • X-rays
    • MRI scans
    • CT scans
    • Blood tests
  • Complications:
    • Nerve damage
    • Spinal stenosis
    • Scoliosis
  • Management:
    • Physical therapy
    • Stretching
    • Strengthening
    • Surgery

Homoeopathic Therapeutic Approach

  • For Scoliosis:
    • Arnica
    • Calcarea carbonica
    • Rhus toxicodendron
  • For Kyphosis:
    • Arnica
    • Calcarea carbonica
    • Rhus toxicodendron
  • For Spondylolisthesis:
    • Calcarea carbonica
    • Rhus toxicodendron
    • Silica
  • For Low Back Pain:
    • Arnica
    • Calcarea carbonica
    • Rhus toxicodendron
  • For Sciatica:
    • Calcarea carbonica
    • Rhus toxicodendron
    • Arnica