GERD – GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE

GERD – GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE

Definition GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease) is a chronic condition where stomach acid flows back up into the esophagus, causing symptoms and potentially leading to complications.

Mechanisms of GERD

1. Lower oesophageal sphincter dysfunction → Inadequate closure of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) allows stomach acid to flow back up into the esophagus.
2. Delayed gastric emptying → Slower movement of food from the stomach into the small intestine can put pressure on the LES, causing it to malfunction.
3. Mucosal damage → Stomach acid can damage the lining of the esophagus, leading to inflammation, scarring, and potentially, narrowing of the esophagus.

Clinical Manifestations of GERD

1. Heartburn → A burning sensation in the chest, usually after eating or lying down.
2. Regurgitation → Food and stomach acid flow back up into the mouth.
3. Difficulty swallowing → Esophagus narrowing caused by scarring or inflammation can make swallowing difficult.
4. Chest pain → Pain in the chest or upper abdomen, similar to heartburn.
5. Coughing → Stomach acid can flow up into the lungs, causing a persistent cough.

Investigations

1. Endoscopy → A flexible tube with a camera is inserted through the mouth to visualize the esophagus and stomach.
2. Oesophageal pH monitoring → A probe is inserted through the nose to measure the acidity of the esophagus over 24 hours.
3. Manometry → A tube is inserted through the nose to measure the pressure and movement of the esophagus.

Complications of GERD

1. Esophageal stricture → Narrowing of the esophagus caused by scarring or inflammation.
2. Barrett’s oesophagus → Abnormal cell growth in the esophagus, which can be a precursor to cancer.
3. Oesophageal adenocarcinoma → Cancer of the esophagus, which can arise from chronic inflammation and scarring.

Homoeopathic Therapeutics for GERD

1. Aloe 200C → For heartburn, indigestion, and regurgitation.
2. Arsenic album 30C → For inflammation, scarring, and narrowing of the esophagus.
3. Belladonna 30C → For heartburn, burning sensation, and chest pain.
4. Nux vomica 30C → For indigestion, nausea, and vomiting.
5. Phosphorus 30C → For inflammation, scarring, and narrowing of the esophagus.