Hiatus Hernia

Hiatus hernia is a protrusion of the stomach through the esophageal hiatus in the diaphragm.

Sliding hiatal hernia: This is the most common type, where part of the stomach slides up into the chest cavity through the esophageal hiatus.
Parastomal hernia: This type occurs when a portion of the stomach protrudes through a weakness in the abdominal wall near the stoma.
Intrathoracic stomach: This is a rare type of hernia where the entire stomach protrudes into the chest cavity.
Diaphragmatic hernia: This type occurs when other organs, such as the intestine or spleen, also protrude through the diaphragm.

Strangulation: The herniated tissue becomes trapped and cut off from its blood supply.
Gangrene: The herniated tissue dies due to lack of blood flow.
Perforation: The herniated tissue tears, leading to leakage of stomach contents into the abdominal cavity.

Laparoscopic repair → Inspect the diaphragm and hernia → Repair the hernia using sutures or mesh → Close the incisions → Monitor the patient

The stomach receives blood supply from the left gastric artery, right gastric artery, and short gastric arteries.

The esophageal hiatus is a weakness in the diaphragm through which the esophagus passes.
The crura of the diaphragm are two muscular bands that form the edges of the esophageal hiatus.

HIATUS HERNIA