Chronic pyelonephritis is a type of recurrent or persistent kidney infection that occurs in the renal pelvis, calyces, and parenchyma.

Recurring pyelonephritis: Recurrent episodes of pyelonephritis that occur over a period of time.
Chronic non-recurring pyelonephritis: Infrequent episodes of pyelonephritis that occur over a long period of time.

Urinary tract obstruction: Blockage of the urinary tract that prevents the normal flow of urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
Urinary tract abnormalities: Abnormalities in the shape or structure of the urinary tract that increase the risk of infection.
Weakened immune system: A weakened immune system that makes it difficult for the body to fight off infections.
Bacterial infection: Bacterial infections such as E. coli, Pseudomonas, and Enterobacter.

Pain: Pain in the flank, back, or side of the abdomen.
Fever: Elevated body temperature.
Chills: Feeling of coldness or shivering.
Fatigue: Feeling of tiredness or weakness.
Blood in the urine: Presence of blood in the urine.
Frequent urination: Need to urinate frequently.
Urinary tract infection symptoms: Symptoms of a urinary tract infection such as burning during urination, pelvic pain, and cloudy or foul-smelling urine.

Ultrasound: Imaging test that uses sound waves to create images of the kidneys and urinary tract.
CT scan: Imaging test that uses X-rays and computer technology to create detailed images of the kidneys and urinary tract.
Intravenous pyelography (IVP): Imaging test that uses X-rays and a contrast agent to create images of the kidneys and urinary tract.
Urinalysis: Test that examines the urine for signs of infection, blood, or other abnormalities.
Blood tests: Test that examines the blood for signs of infection or inflammation.

Kidney damage: Damage to the kidneys that can lead to chronic kidney disease or kidney failure.
Urinary tract obstruction: Blockage of the urinary tract that can lead to kidney damage or failure.
Severe infections: Severe infections that can spread to other parts of the body.

Antibiotics: Medications that kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria.
Fluids: Drinking plenty of fluids to help flush out the kidneys and urinary tract.
Pain relief: Medications that help relieve pain and discomfort.
Surgery: Surgery to remove the infected kidney or to correct any underlying abnormalities in the urinary tract.

Conservative management: Management of the condition with antibiotics and other medications without surgery.
Surgical management: Surgery to remove the infected kidney or to correct any underlying abnormalities in the urinary tract.

Arsenicum album: Indicated in cases of chronic pyelonephritis with symptoms of burning during urination and pelvic pain.
Cantharis: Indicated in cases of chronic pyelonephritis with symptoms of pain and burning during urination.
Nux vomica: Indicated in cases of chronic pyelonephritis with symptoms of fatigue and weakness.
Sarsaparilla: Indicated in cases of chronic pyelonephritis with symptoms of blood in the urine and frequent urination.