Carcinoma of Penis
Definition
Carcinoma of penis is a type of cancer that arises from the skin or mucosal lining of the penis.
Causes of Carcinoma of Penis
- Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection
- Chronic inflammation
- Poor hygiene
- Smoking
- Increased age
- Family history of cancer
- Immunosuppression
Pathology of Carcinoma of Penis
- The most common type is squamous cell carcinoma (85-90%)
- Adenocarcinoma (5-10%)
- Basal cell carcinoma (less than 5%)
- Melanoma (very rare)
TNM Staging of Carcinoma of Penis
- Tumor:
- T1: Tumor is limited to the skin or subcutaneous tissue
- T2: Tumor has invaded the corpus cavernosum or corpus spongiosum
- T3: Tumor has invaded the urethra or has extrapelvic lymph nodes
- T4: Tumor has invaded the pelvic wall or has distant metastasis
- Node:
- N0: No lymph node metastasis
- N1: Metastasis to a single inguinal lymph node
- N2: Metastasis to multiple inguinal lymph nodes or to a lymph node with an involved metastatic lymph node
- N3: Metastasis to bilateral inguinal lymph nodes or to a lymph node with an involved metastatic lymph node and extrapelvic lymph nodes
- Metastasis:
- M0: No distant metastasis
- M1: Distant metastasis
Clinical Presentation of Carcinoma of Penis
- Painful or painless ulcer or mass on the penis
- Bleeding or discharge from the penis
- Change in the size or shape of the penis
- Swelling in the groin area
Precancerous Lesions of Penis
- Bowen's disease
- Erythroplasia of Queyrat
Bowen's Disease
- Also known as carcinoma in situ
- A type of squamous cell carcinoma that is limited to the epidermis
- Can be treated with topical chemotherapy or surgical excision
Erythroplasia of Queyrat
- A type of squamous cell carcinoma that is limited to the mucosal lining of the penis
- Can be treated with surgical excision or topical chemotherapy
Treatment of Carcinoma of Penis
- Surgery:
- Wide local excision
- Amputation of the penis
- Lymph node dissection
- Radiation therapy:
- External beam radiation therapy
- Brachytherapy
- Chemotherapy:
- Systemic chemotherapy for metastatic disease
- Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced disease
Homoeopathic Therapeutic Medicines
- Calcarea carbonica: For cases with a large tumor and a rapid growth rate
- Phosphorus: For cases with a painful ulcer or mass on the penis
- Lachesis: For cases with a history of smoking or exposure to carcinogens
- Thuja occidentalis: For cases with a history of HPV infection or chronic inflammation